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Cystometry is a bladder function test to help diagnose problems with urination, including incontinence, urinary retention and recurrent urinary tract infections. It measures pressure and volume of fluid in the bladder during filling, storage and urination (see uroflowmetry).
Generally, no preparation is necessary prior to this test, although the patient may be asked to stop taking certain medications in advance.
The test begins by having the patient empty their bladder as much as possible. A catheter is then inserted into the urethra until it reaches the bladder. Measurements are taken of residual urine volume (amount remaining in the bladder after urination) and bladder pressure. Pressure measurements may require a rectal probe to account for the contribution of the abdominal muscles to the pressure recording. The bladder is then gradually filled with water, saline solution, carbon dioxide gas or a contrast solution for X-ray analysis, depending on the type of study being done. The patient is asked to describe any sensations experienced during the filling (e.g., temperature changes, feeling of fullness, etc.). Once the bladder is completely full, the patient is asked to begin urinating. Pressure and volume measurements are taken again including flow rate and pressure.
The patient may experience some urinary frequency or urgency and the urine may be slightly pink for up to 24 hours following the test but they can resume their daily activities immediately. If discomfort persists, fever develops or urine appears bright red, a physician should be notified.
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